We have all been there, neglected a niggle in our foot and told ourselves that it would probably go away. Weeks have passed, even months, and it’s only getting worse. Then finally, when we are hobbling around barely able to walk, we decide to seek help…

Well, at Achilles Foot Clinic, we are here to help you.

diabetic foot ulcers

Foot Ulcers and Diabetes: How to Protect Your Feet from Serious Damage

December 03, 20246 min read

For individuals with diabetes, foot health is of paramount importance. One of the most common and potentially serious complications associated with diabetes is the development of foot ulcers. These open sores or wounds can occur on the feet due to a combination of factors, including poor circulation, nerve damage (neuropathy), and reduced ability to heal wounds. Left untreated, foot ulcers can lead to severe complications such as infections, tissue damage, and in extreme cases, even amputations.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the connection between diabetes and foot ulcers and offer practical tips to help you manage your diabetes, take proper care of your feet, and prevent ulcers from developing.

Why Diabetes Increases the Risk of Foot Ulcers

Diabetes affects the body in several ways that make foot ulcers more likely to occur. The two main factors that contribute to foot ulcers in diabetic individuals are poor circulation and nerve damage:

  1. Poor Circulation:
    High blood sugar levels over time can damage blood vessels and restrict blood flow, particularly to the feet and legs. Poor circulation means that wounds and sores take longer to heal, increasing the risk of infection. If left untreated, even a small cut or blister can develop into a serious ulcer.

  2. Nerve Damage (Neuropathy):
    One of the most common complications of diabetes is peripheral neuropathy, or nerve damage, particularly in the feet. When the nerves are damaged, the feet may become numb or lose sensation, which makes it difficult to feel injuries, blisters, or even the onset of an ulcer. Without proper sensation, wounds can go unnoticed and untreated until they become more severe.

  3. Weakened Immune System:
    Diabetes can also impair the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infections. As a result, even minor foot injuries that would otherwise heal on their own may become infected more easily, leading to complications like ulcers.

The Risks of Foot Ulcers for Diabetic Patients

Foot ulcers, if left untreated, can lead to a range of serious complications, including:

  • Infections:
    Foot ulcers can become infected, leading to cellulitis (skin infection) or deeper infections, such as osteomyelitis (bone infection). Infections can spread to other parts of the body, leading to sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition.

  • Gangrene:
    Without proper treatment, an infection can lead to tissue death (gangrene). In severe cases, gangrene can require the amputation of the affected toe, foot, or even a leg.

  • Chronic Pain and Reduced Mobility:
    Foot ulcers can cause ongoing pain and discomfort, which may make it difficult to walk or stand for long periods. Over time, this can lead to decreased mobility and a lower quality of life.

  • Amputation:
    The most severe risk of an untreated foot ulcer is amputation. If the ulcer becomes severely infected or gangrenous, doctors may need to amputate the affected area to prevent the infection from spreading to the rest of the body.

How to Protect Your Feet and Prevent Foot Ulcers

The good news is that with proper foot care and diabetes management, foot ulcers can be prevented. Here are some practical tips to help protect your feet from serious damage:

  1. Keep Your Blood Sugar Under Control
    The foundation of diabetes foot care is effective blood sugar management. Keeping your blood glucose levels within the target range reduces the risk of complications such as poor circulation and neuropathy, both of which contribute to foot ulcers. Regular monitoring of your blood sugar and adhering to your doctor’s recommendations for diet, exercise, and medication are crucial steps in preventing ulcers.

  2. Inspect Your Feet Daily
    Inspect your feet every day for any signs of cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling. Pay special attention to the areas that are prone to pressure, such as the heels, balls of the feet, and between the toes. If you notice any abnormalities, address them promptly before they turn into larger issues.

  3. Wash and Moisturise Your Feet
    Wash your feet daily with warm (not hot) water and mild soap. Gently dry them, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections. Apply a fragrance-free moisturizer to keep the skin on your feet soft and hydrated, but avoid applying lotion between the toes, as this can create a breeding ground for fungi.

  4. Wear Proper Footwear
    Choose shoes that fit well and provide ample support. Shoes that are too tight or too loose can cause friction, leading to blisters and ulcers. Avoid wearing high heels, sandals with no straps, or shoes with pointed toes. Look for shoes with a wide toe box, cushioned insoles, and sufficient arch support. For individuals with diabetes, custom orthotics or insoles may also be beneficial to provide additional support and cushioning.

  5. Protect Your Feet from Extreme Temperatures
    Diabetes can impair your ability to feel extreme temperatures, so be cautious about exposing your feet to hot water, heated floors, or ice. Always test the water temperature before soaking your feet and wear warm socks in cold weather to prevent frostbite.

  6. Cut Toenails Carefully
    Trim your toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails and avoid cutting them too short. If you’re unsure how to trim your nails properly, it’s best to have a professional podiatrist handle it to avoid injury.

  7. Address Foot Problems Early
    If you notice any signs of foot problems, such as blisters, calluses, or sores, see a podiatrist as soon as possible. Early intervention can prevent these minor issues from becoming more serious and reduce the risk of foot ulcers.

  8. Stay Active
    Regular physical activity, such as walking, helps improve circulation and keeps your feet healthy. Talk to your doctor about an exercise plan that works for you and doesn’t place too much pressure on your feet.

  9. Quit Smoking
    Smoking further impairs circulation and increases the risk of foot ulcers and other complications. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your foot and overall health.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you notice any signs of a foot ulcer or any other foot issues, it's important to consult a podiatrist as soon as possible. Early treatment can prevent the ulcer from worsening and lower the risk of infection or complications. At Achilles Foot Clinic, our podiatrists specialise in diabetic foot care and can provide the necessary treatments and preventive advice to protect your feet and prevent ulcers from forming.

Conclusion

Foot ulcers are a serious risk for individuals with diabetes, but with proper foot care and diabetes management, they can be prevented. By maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, inspecting your feet daily, wearing proper footwear, and seeking professional care when necessary, you can protect your feet from serious damage. If you're concerned about foot ulcers or any other foot health issues, don't hesitate to reach out to us at Achilles Foot Clinic. We’re here to help you maintain healthy, pain-free feet for years to come.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation and get personalised foot care advice tailored to your needs.

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Achilles Foot Clinic

Achilles Foot Clinic, Main Street, Ballincollig P31 HE00, 0212021001

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