We have all been there, neglected a niggle in our foot and told ourselves that it would probably go away. Weeks have passed, even months, and it’s only getting worse. Then finally, when we are hobbling around barely able to walk, we decide to seek help…

Well, at Achilles Foot Clinic, we are here to help you.

foot ulcers

Understanding Foot Ulcers: Causes, Risks, and How to Prevent Complications

November 26, 20246 min read

Foot ulcers are open sores or wounds that can develop on the feet, often causing discomfort, pain, and, in severe cases, serious complications. For individuals with conditions like diabetes or poor circulation, foot ulcers can become a recurring and troublesome issue. If left untreated, they can lead to infections, tissue damage, and even more severe health concerns. Understanding the causes, risks, and preventive measures of foot ulcers is essential to managing your foot health and avoiding long-term complications.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll discuss the main causes of foot ulcers, the risks involved, and practical steps you can take to prevent complications—especially for those at higher risk, such as people living with diabetes.

What Causes Foot Ulcers?

Foot ulcers are often caused by a combination of factors, including poor circulation, nerve damage, and pressure on certain areas of the foot. These factors can result in delayed healing, making it easier for ulcers to form and harder for them to heal properly. The most common causes include:

  1. Diabetes:
    People with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of developing foot ulcers. Elevated blood sugar levels can lead to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation, both of which contribute to the formation of ulcers. Nerve damage causes reduced sensation in the feet, making it difficult for individuals to feel cuts, blisters, or other injuries. This lack of feeling can lead to untreated wounds, which then develop into ulcers. Additionally, poor circulation slows the healing process, making infections more likely.

  2. Poor Circulation:
    Conditions like peripheral artery disease (PAD), which reduces blood flow to the extremities, can significantly impair the body’s ability to heal wounds. Without sufficient circulation, oxygen and nutrients can’t reach the affected area, making it harder for the wound to heal and more likely to become infected.

  3. Pressure and Friction:
    Prolonged pressure or friction on the feet can damage the skin, leading to the formation of blisters, abrasions, and eventually ulcers. This is particularly common in people who wear ill-fitting shoes or spend long periods of time on their feet. Corns and calluses are also the result of constant friction, and they can break down into open sores if not properly managed.

  4. Infection:
    Any break in the skin, whether from a cut, blister, or abrasion, can become infected if not properly cared for. An untreated infection can cause a wound to worsen and increase the risk of serious complications.

  5. Other Conditions:
    Various other medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases, poor nutrition, and smoking, can also increase the risk of foot ulcers. These conditions can impair circulation, weaken the immune system, and slow the healing process.

Risks Associated with Foot Ulcers

When left untreated, foot ulcers can lead to severe complications, some of which may require extensive medical intervention. Some potential risks include:

  1. Infection:
    Foot ulcers are particularly susceptible to bacterial infections. An untreated ulcer can easily become infected, leading to cellulitis (a skin infection) or osteomyelitis (bone infection). If the infection spreads, it can lead to systemic issues, including sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition.

  2. Gangrene:
    If a foot ulcer is not properly treated and becomes infected, it can lead to tissue death (gangrene). This can happen if blood flow is restricted or if the infection spreads, leading to severe damage to the skin, muscles, and bones.

  3. Amputation:
    In extreme cases, untreated foot ulcers can lead to the need for amputation of the affected toe, foot, or even leg. This is more common in individuals with diabetes, especially if blood sugar levels are not well managed, leading to poor circulation and slow healing.

  4. Chronic Pain and Discomfort:
    Foot ulcers can cause persistent pain, making it difficult to walk or stand for long periods. This pain can affect overall mobility and quality of life.

  5. Reduced Quality of Life:
    The physical limitations and emotional toll of dealing with foot ulcers can affect a person’s overall well-being. Chronic wounds and pain can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression, making it harder for individuals to maintain an active lifestyle.

How to Prevent Foot Ulcers

While foot ulcers are a serious concern, there are several steps you can take to prevent them and reduce the risk of complications, particularly if you are at a higher risk due to conditions like diabetes.

  1. Manage Blood Sugar Levels (for Diabetic Patients):
    Keeping your blood sugar levels under control is one of the most important steps in preventing foot ulcers. High blood sugar levels can lead to nerve damage and poor circulation, which increases the risk of wounds and slows healing. Regular monitoring and following your doctor’s advice about diet, exercise, and medication can help keep your blood sugar within the recommended range.

  2. Regular Foot Inspections:
    Inspect your feet daily for any signs of cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling. Pay close attention to areas that are prone to pressure, like the heels, toes, and the balls of your feet. If you notice anything unusual, seek medical advice as soon as possible. Early detection and treatment can prevent a small issue from becoming a larger problem.

  3. Wear Proper Footwear:
    Choose shoes that fit well and provide adequate support. Avoid shoes that are too tight or too loose, as these can cause friction and lead to blisters or sores. Make sure your shoes have a wide toe box to prevent pressure on your toes. If you have diabetes or another condition that affects your feet, your podiatrist can recommend shoes designed specifically for foot health.

  4. Use Moisturizers and Keep Skin Healthy:
    Dry, cracked skin can easily become a gateway for infections. Keep your feet moisturised with a gentle, fragrance-free lotion to prevent dryness and cracking. Be careful not to apply lotion between the toes, as this can promote fungal infections.

  5. Maintain Healthy Circulation:
    Regular exercise, such as walking, helps improve blood flow to the feet. Elevate your feet when sitting to encourage circulation, and avoid sitting or standing for long periods. If you have circulation issues, discuss circulation-boosting techniques with your podiatrist.

  6. Avoid Smoking:
    Smoking restricts blood flow and can impair wound healing, making it harder for your body to recover from foot injuries. Quitting smoking can significantly improve foot health and reduce the risk of developing ulcers.

  7. Seek Professional Care Regularly:
    Regular visits to a podiatrist are essential, especially if you have diabetes or other conditions that affect your feet. A podiatrist can help monitor your foot health, provide treatments for any issues, and offer advice on how to prevent foot ulcers from developing.

Conclusion

Foot ulcers are a serious condition that can lead to painful, long-term complications if not properly managed. By understanding the causes, risks, and preventive measures, you can take steps to protect your feet and ensure your overall well-being. Early intervention is key to preventing complications and improving your quality of life.

At Achilles Foot Clinic, we specialise in foot care and offer comprehensive treatments for managing and preventing foot ulcers. If you have any concerns about your foot health, or if you’re dealing with a foot ulcer, don’t hesitate to contact us for a consultation. We’re here to help you keep your feet healthy and pain-free.

Contact us today to schedule your appointment and take proactive steps in caring for your feet!

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Achilles Foot Clinic

Achilles Foot Clinic, Main Street, Ballincollig P31 HE00, 0212021001

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